Belgrade is the capital city of the Republic of Serbia. It is located in South-eastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula, at the crossroads of Eastern and Western Europe. It lies at the confluence of two rivers, Sava and Danube, where the Pannonian Plain ends and the Balkans start. Belgrade is the third largest city in the South-eastern Europe after Istanbul and Athens, with the population of 2 million people.
It is a city of long and rich history. Belgrade is one of the oldest cities in Europe, with the 7,000-year long history. Remains of the human bones and skulls of Neanderthals, found on its territory, date back to the early Stone Age. The remains of the late Stone Age were also found above the Sava and Danube confluence. Vinča, near Belgrade, is one of the most important settlements and archeological sites of the prehistoric period. There are also findings from the Bronze and Metal Age. The City was a site of many historical events, witnessing the arrival of the Huns, the rules of the Sarmatians, the Goths, the Avars and the Slavs. Its tumultuous history resulted in a number of symbolic names which were given to the city throughout the time, such as: House of Winds, Combat Hill, Thinking Hill and House of Freedom.
The intensive development of Belgrade started after its final liberation from the Turks and continued in the first years of the XX century. It gradually grew from an oriental town into a modern European city during the 19th century.
Today, Belgrade is the administrative, political and financial center of Serbia. New Belgrade, one of the city districts, is the country's main business zone. The City is also a cultural center that hosts many annual international cultural events, including the Film Festival, Theatre Festival, Summer Festival, Music Festival, Book Fair, Eurovision Song Contest 2008, and the Beer Fest. It is also the center of Serbia's film industry. There are numerous theatres, such as the National Theatre, Theatre on Terazije, Yugoslav Drama Theatre, Zvezdara Theatre, and Atelier 212. There are many foreign cultural institutions in Belgrade, including the Spanish Instituto Cervantes, the German Goethe-Institut and the French Institut français, as well as other cultural centers such as American Corner, Austrian Cultural Forum, British Council, Chinese Confucius Institute, Canadian Cultural Center, Hellenic Foundation for Culture, Italian Istituto Italiano di Cultura, Iranian Culture Center, Azerbaijani Culture Center and Russian Center for Science and Culture. The most prominent museum in Belgrade is the National Museum, founded in 1844. The Museum of Contemporary Art was the first Contemporary art museum in Europe founded in 1958. There are also the Military Museum, The Museum of Aviation in Belgrade and The Nikola Tesla Museum, among others.
Two state universities are located in Belgrade, the University of Belgrade and the University of Arts in Belgrade. Belgrade’s main tourist attractions lie in the historic areas of the city. They include Skadarlija, the National Museum and adjacent National Theatre, Zemun, Nikola Pašić Square, Terazije, Students' Square, the Kalemegdan Fortress, Knez Mihailova Street, the Parliament, the Church of Saint Sava, and the Old Palace. Furthermore, Belgrade has many parks, monuments, museums, cafés, restaurants and shops on both sides of the river. The hilltop Avala Monument and Avala Tower offer views over the city.